2018年大学英语六级翻译试题：朝代10篇

2018年大学英语六级翻译试题：朝代10篇

　　第一篇：秦朝

　　请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

　　秦朝是中国历史上第一个统一的、多民族的、中央集权的、封建王朝(feudal dynasty)。尽管秦朝只持续了15年，但是它在中国历史上扮演着重要角色，对后续朝代产生了重大影响。为了巩固国家统一，维持秦朝永传万代，秦始皇在政治、经济、军事和文化上进行了很多改革。政治上，他宣布自己就是这个国家的皇帝，手握重权。经济上，他统一了度量衡(weights and measures)和货币。另外，他还统一了文字以及车轮之间的距离。世界奇迹—万里长城也是他命令建造的。

　　参考译文

　　The Qin Dynasty was the first unitary ,multi-national and power-centralized ,feudal dynasty in Chinese history .Although lasting only for 15 years ,it played an important role in Chinese history and exerted a great influence on the foltowing dynasties .To strengthen the unity of the nation and to perpetuate the Qin Dynasty ,Emperor Qin Shi Huang carried out many reforms in politics ,economy ,military affairs and culture .In politics ,he declared himself the emperor of the stale in possession of all major powers .In economy ,he standardized weights and measures as well as money .In addition ,he standardized the written characters and the distance between two wheels .The miracle of the world ,the Great Wall of China was also built under his order.

　　第二篇：唐代

　　请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

　　唐代(618-907年)因皇室姓李又称“李唐”，是公认的中国最强盛的时代之一。618年唐王李渊在长安(今陕西西安)称帝建立唐朝，之后武则天一度以“周”代“唐”，神龙革命后恢复大唐国号。唐朝历经289年21位皇帝，是版图最大，亦是唯一未修建长城的大一统中原王朝。907年唐朝灭亡，中国进入“五代十国”时期。

　　参考译文

　　The Tang Dynasty (618-907), also known as "Li Tang" (for Li is the surname of the royal family), is known to be one of the most powerful and prosperous periods in China. In 618, Li Yuan, the King of Tang proclaimed himself emperor in Chang’an (Xi’an, Shaanxi Province) and established the Tang Dynasty, which was replaced by “Zhou” by Wu Zetian and was restored after the Dragon Revolution. The Tang Dynasty lasted 289 years with 21 emperors and was a unified dynasty with the largest territory. Because of its military strength, Tang was the only dynasty in China that didn’t build the Great Wall for defense purposes. The year 907 saw the end of the Tang Dynasty and the beginning of the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.

　　第三篇：商朝

　　请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

　　商(约前1600年-约前1046年)是中国历史上的第二个朝代，也是第一个有文献可考、并为考古学和甲骨文所证实的王朝。因其长期的首都是殷(今河南安阳)，所以历史上称为“殷商”。商朝的疆域位于黄河中下游及周边地区，人口约500-700万，是奴隶制国家，皇帝是最大的奴隶主，自称“天子”;甲骨文和金文是商朝的主要文字，商朝信奉原始的自然崇拜。

　　参考译文

　　The Shang dynasty (about 1600 B.C. – 1046 B.C.) is the second dynasty in Chinese history and also the first dynasty which has available literature to refer to and can be testified by archaeology and oracle bones. Having Yin (the current Anyang in He Nan province) as capital for a long time, it was also called "Yin Shang". The territory of Shang dynasty lied in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and its surrounding areas. Shang dynasty, with a population about 5-7 million, is a slavery country, in which the emperor was the biggest slave owner and called himself as "the son of heaven". Oracle Bones and Bronze Inscriptions are the main written texts of the Shang Dynasty and its people would worship primitive nature.

　　第四篇：夏朝

　　请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

　　夏(约前21世纪—约前16世纪)是中国史书中记载的第一个世袭制的朝代，故后人常以“华夏”自称，成为中国的代名词。第一位“天子”是禹。一般研究认为夏朝是多个部落联盟或复杂酋邦形式的国家。夏朝因为农业和畜牧业的发展，开始出现私有化，陶器与青铜器的制造工艺日渐成熟;根据历史记载，夏朝时期的文字为夏篆。夏朝后被北方的商族南下所灭。

　　参考译文

　　The dynasty of Xia (about 21st and 16th century B.C.) is the first hereditary dynasty recorded in Chinese history books, whose first emperor is Yu, thus later generations often call themselves "Huaxia" claiming to be a synonym for China. General researches consider that the Xia dynasty was a state of a plurality of tribal alliances or with the form of complex Chiefdom. Due to the advances of agriculture and animal husbandry, privatization began to emerge, and the manufacture technology of pottery and bronze ware was increasingly mature. According to historical records, the texts of the Xia period was recorded using the Xia Seal. Later, the Xia dynasty was overthrown by the Shang in the northern part of China.

　　第五篇：周朝

　　请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

　　周朝(前1046年—前256年)是中国历史上商朝之后的朝代。周朝分为“西周”(前11世纪中期-前771年)与“东周”(前770年-前256年)两个时期。“西周”由周武王姬发创建;前770年迁都到“雒邑”之后的时期称为“东周”。东周时期又称“春秋战国”时期，分为“春秋”及“战国”两个阶段。周朝是中国第三个，也是最后一个世袭奴隶制王朝。

　　参考译文

　　The Zhou dynasty (1046 B.C. – 256 B.C.), which followed the Shang dynasty in Chinese history, can be divided into two periods: the Western Zhou (middle of 11th century to – 771 B.C.) and the Eastern Zhou (770 B.C. – 256 B.C.). The Western Zhou was founded by Ji Fa, King Wu of Zhou Dynasty. In 770BC, the capital was moved to "Geyi", so that the later period was called “the Eastern Zhou”, which was also called as “the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period ” which can be divided into two phases: the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. The Zhou Dynasty is the third and also the last hereditary slavery Dynasty in Chinese history.

　　第六篇：元朝

　　请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

　　元朝(1206—1368年)，是中国历史上第一个由少数民族(蒙古族)建立并统治全境的半封建半奴隶制王朝，是中国历史上疆域广阔的王朝之一。元朝对汉称“大元”，由成吉思汗的孙子孛儿只斤·忽必烈建立，建都燕京(今北京)称为“大都”，历时98年11位皇帝。元朝于1279年灭南宋统一中国，结束了晚唐五代以来的分裂局面。1368年被朱元璋攻入北京建立明朝，此后退居漠北，史称“北元”。

　　参考译文

　　The Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368), was the first semi-feudal and semi-slavery dynasty established and ruled as a whole by ethnic minorities (the Mongolian Minority) as well as one of the dynasties featuring the largest area of territory in Chinese history. Known as "the Great Yuan" to the Han people, it was established by Burjikin Kublai, grandson of Genghis Khan. With Yanjing (Beijing today) as the capital ("Dadu"), it spanned 98 years with 11 emperors. The Yuan Dynasty reunified the country by conquering the Southern Song Dynasty in 1279 and ended the separation since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. In 1368 when Zhu Yuanzhang occupied Beijing and established the Ming Dynasty, it withdrew to the northern desert and was known as "the Northern Yuan Dynasty".

　　第七篇：清朝

　　请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

　　清朝(1616-1912年)也称“大清国”和“大清国”，是中国历史上最后一个君主制王朝，由满族(女真族)统治。1616年努尔哈赤建立“后金”，1636年皇太极改国号为“清”。清朝历经276年11位皇帝，君主专制发展到顶峰，疆域最广时总面积约1316万平方千米，晚清1908年缩水至1135万平方千米。1840年鸦片战争后遭多国列强入侵，主权和领土丧失严重。1911年辛亥革命后清帝颁布退位诏书，清朝灭亡。至此，中国2132年的帝制历史终结。

　　参考译文

　　The Qing Dynasty (1616-1912), also known as the "Great Qing State", or "Great Qing of China", is the last monarchic dynasty in Chinese history established and governed by the Manchu people (Jurchens). In 1616, Nurhaci established the "Later Jin", which was changed into "Qing" by Hong Taiji in 1636. The Qing Dynasty lasted 276 years with 11 emperors, with the autocratic monarchy reaching to its peak. It boasted a total area of the territory of about 13,160,000 square kilometers at most, which declined to 11,350,000 square kilometers in 1908, the late Qing Dynasty. After the Opium War in 1840, it suffered the aggressions of many powers accompanied by serious loss of sovereignty and territories. In 1911, after the Revolution of 1911, the emperor of the Qing Dynasty issued a decree to abdicate, which put an end to the Qing Dynasty and of China’s 2,132 years of monarchic history.

　　第八篇：明朝

　　请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

　　明朝(1368-1644年)是中国最后一个由汉族建立的统一中原的王朝。1368年明太祖朱元璋在应天府(今南京)称帝，国号大明，后迁都顺天府(今北京)。明朝历经319年19位皇帝，国土面积最广时约达一千万平方千米。1644年李自成攻入北京，明朝宗室在江南建立南明，1662年明朝被清军灭亡。

　　参考译文

　　The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) is the last unified dynasty established by the Han people in China. In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor Taizu of Ming proclaimed himself the emperor in Yingtianfu (Nanjing today) and changed the title of the state into Ming, and later Shuntianfu (Beijing today) was determined as the new capital.The Ming Dynasty spanned 319 years with 19 emperors, with the area of its territory reaching about 10,000,000 square kilometers at its heyday. After Li Zicheng’s troops occupied Beijing in 1644, the imperial clan of the Ming Dynasty founded the Southern Ming Dynasty and was subjugated by the army of the Qing Dynasty in 1662.

　　第九篇：隋朝

　　请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

　　隋朝(581—619年)是上承南北朝下启唐朝的大一统王朝，因隋朝与唐朝的文化、制度、社会特点一脉相承，故史学家常将两朝合称为“隋唐时期”。隋朝是“五胡乱华”后汉族在北方统一全国的王朝，历经38年8位皇帝，结束了自西晋末年以来长达近300年的分裂局面，隋唐时期也是全世界公认的中国最强盛的时期。618年隋朝因农民起义和贵族叛变而亡国，由唐朝取代。

　　参考译文

　　The Sui Dynasty (581—619) is a unified dynasty inheriting the Southern and Northern Dynasties followed by the Tang Dynasty. Since the Sui and the Tang Dynasties shared similar cultures, institutions and social characteristics, historians called the two dynasties "the Period of Sui and Tang" in combination. As a dynasty featuring the reunification of the country in northern China by the Han people after the invasion of China by northern nomads (mainly five ethnic minorities), it lasted 38 years with 8 emperors, and put an end to the nearly 300 years of separation since the late Western Jin Dynasty. The Period of Sui and Tang is known as the height of China’s national power. Due to a peasants’ uprising and the betrayal of aristocrats, the year 618 saw the end of the Sui Dynasty and its replacement by the Tang Dynasty.

　　第十篇：汉朝

　　请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

　　玄汉(23-25年)与西汉、东汉、季汉合称汉朝，建国仅2年。公元23年，平林兵与下江兵合并，在淯水(今河南白河)拥立更始将军刘玄为帝，恢复汉朝国号，建元更始，史称“更始政权”。更始二年(公元25年)九月，刘玄投降被杀，“更始政权”告终。

　　参考译文

　　The Xuan Han (23-25), which only lasted for 2 years, was called the Han Dynasty together with the Western Han, Eastern Han and Ji Han Dynasties. In 23AD, the Pinglin Army was merged into the Xiajiang Army and General Liu Xuan was endorsed as the emperor in Yushui (Baihe, Henan Provinces today), who restored the state title "Han" and established the Jianyuan Year "Gengshi". (It was historically known as the "Gengshi Regime".) In September of the second year of Gengshi (25AD), Liu Xuan surrendered and was killed, spelling the end of the "Gengshi Regime".

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