2013年12月大学英语四级写作训练3

　　比较（comparison）主要是指出两个或两个以上不同种类的事物的共同点或相似之处， 如人物、地点、事物、思想、观点等。对照（contrast）主要是指出它们的不同点。相同的或类似的特征可以组成比较，不同的特征则可以组成对照。不仅如此，比较和对比常常同时使用，这是因为比较中往往隐含着对比。

　　比较和对比常有两种形式，即整体比较和对比（block comparison and contrast）与逐项比较（alternating comparison）。「Example 」Although Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee were fierce adversaries during the Civil War， their lives， both military and nonmilitary， has a great deal in common. Grant descended from a family whose members participated in the American Revolution. He received his commission of second lieutenant from West Point and served in the Spanish-American War. He was later summoned by President Lincoln to assume command of the Union Forces during the Civil War.

　　After the Civil War， Grant suffered financial problems and was forced to declare bankruptcy. Lee also descended from a family which engaged in the American Revolution. He， too， received his commission from West Point and later fought in Mexico during the Spanish-American War. His fame as a military strategist during the Civil War， when he was the commander of the Confederate armies， is well known. Although it is not always pointed out by historians he， like Grant， had financial difficulties after the civil War and was compelled to out by historians he， like Grant， had financial difficulties after the civil War and was compelled todeclare bankruptcy. By securing a post as president of Washington College， he was able to avoid additional poverty. （整体比较）

　　The same qualities that make people good house guests make them good hospital patients. Good house guests can expect a reasonable amount of service and effort on their behalf， and hospital patients can also. Guests have to adjust to what is for them a change， and certainly hospital patients must do the same. No one appreciates a complaining， unpleasant， unappreciative house guest， and the hospital staff is no exception. Hose guests who expect vast changes to be made for their benefit are not popular for long. Certainly nurses and other personnel with their routines feel the same way about patients in their care. Just as house guests must make adjustments to enjoy their visits， so patients must make adjustments to make their stays reasonably pleasant and satisfying under the circumstances.（逐项比较）