大学英语四级考试：语法笔记讲义87

　　They kept it quiet that he was dead. 对他已经死亡的消息，他们秘而不宣。
　　I took it for granted that you’d stay with us. 我想当然认为你会和我们呆在一起。
　　同位语从句
　　同位语从句是对名词的内容给予具体、详细的说明。常在后面接同位语从句的名词有fact, news, idea, truth, hope, suggestion, question, problem, doubt, fear, belief等。同位语从句常用的引导词为that,有是也用when, where 等疑问词。如：
　　The news that the United States was hit by terrorist attacks took the whole world by surprise. 美国受到恐怖主义分子袭击的消息令全世界吃惊。
　　The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong. 你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。
　　People used to hold the belief that the earth was the center of the universe. 人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心。
　　The difficulty lies in the fact that we are short of money. 困难在于我们缺乏资金这个事实。
　　They have no idea at all where he has gone. 他们一点儿也不知道他去哪儿了。
　　注意：同位语从句的that 只是引导词，没有其他语法作用，在句子中不作句子成分，不能省略;而定语从句中的that 除了引导定语从句外，还是定语从句的一个成分，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。如：
　　The idea that some peoples are superior to others is sheer nonsense. 有些民族优越于其他民族这种想法简直荒谬。(请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。)(同位语从句)
　　The idea that he proposed at the meeting is sheer nonsense. 他在会议上提出的这个想法简直荒谬。(请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。)(定语从句)
　　No one is happy with the fact that he found out. 没有人对他发现的事实感到高兴。(请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。)(定语从句)
　　No one is happy with the fact that he will become their boss. 没有人对他将成为他们的老板这一事实感到高兴。(请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。)(同位语从句)
　　表语从句
　　表语从句位于主句的连系动词之后，在非正式文体中引导词that可以省略。如：
　　That’s not what I want. 那不是我要的。
　　That’s why I have come. 那就是我为什么来了。
　　My opinion is that things will improve. 我的意见是事情会好起来的。
　　One advantage of solar energy is that it will never run out. 太阳能的一个优点是永远也不会枯竭。
　　The truth is that he didn’t really try. 实际情况是他没有真正努力。
　　The problem is who is to pay and when we can start. 问题是谁来付帐、我们又何时开始。
　　The fact is that he didn’t notice the car until too late. 事实是他注意到车时已经太晚了。
　　What surprised me was that he spoke English so well. 使我感到吃惊的是他英语讲得那么好。
　　All I can say is that I have nothing to do with it. 我能说的就是我与此事没有关系。
　　What I want to know is where we shall go and whether she will join us. 我想知道的是我们要去什么地方以及她是否加入我们。
　　表语从句位于主句的连系动词之后，在非正式文体中引导词that可以省略。如：
　　The fact is that he didn’t notice the car until too late. 事实是他注意到车时已经太晚了。
　　What surprised me was that he spoke English so well. 使我感到吃惊的是他英语讲得那么好。
　　All I can say is that I have nothing to do with it. 我能说的就是我与此事没有关系。
　　What I want to know is where we shall go and whether she will join us. 我想知道的是我们要去什么地方以及她是否加入我们。