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大学英语四级考试:语法笔记讲义59

来源:考试网   2011-06-25   【
  例如: 
  convincing facts 有说服力的事实 / convinced audience 被说服了的听众 
  the exploiting class 剥削阶级 / the exploited class被剥削阶级 
  a frightening dog一条让人害怕的狗 / a frightened dog一条被吓坏了的狗 
  driving gears主动齿轮 / driven gears从动齿轮 
  (2)在时间上,现在分词往往表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示动作已完成。 
  例如: 
  the rising sun (正在升起的太阳) / the risen sun(升起的太阳) 
  the falling rain(正在下的雨)/ the fallen leaves(落下的树叶) 
  stolen money(被盗的钱/偷来的钱)/ill-gotten wealth(不义之财) 
  a high-flying kite(高飞的风筝) 
  再看一些例子: 
  boiling water 沸腾的水/boiled water 开水/developing countries 发展中国家/developed countries 发达国家/an exciting story 令人激动的故事/ excited people 激动的人们 
  (2)在时间上,现在分词往往表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示动作已完成。 
  再看一些例子: 
  surprising news令人惊讶的消息/a surprised man受惊吓的人/an inspiring leader具有号召力的领袖/the inspired soldiers受到鼓舞的士兵/a delighted speech令人高兴的演说/the delighted audience(感到)高兴的听众/a moving film动人的电影/the moved children受到感到的孩子们/a box containing tea装茶叶的盒子/the tea contained in a box装在盒里的茶叶/ falling snow正在下的雪/fallen snow box落在地上的雪 
  (3)做表语时的不同。现在分词做表语表示主语所具有的特征,意思是“令人如何”。过去分词多表示主语所处的状态,意思是“感到如何”。 
  例如: 
  His lecture is disappointing。I’m disappointed。他的演讲令人失望。我感到失望。 
  We are surprised to hear the news。The news is surprising。我们听到那消息吃了一惊。那消息令人吃惊。 
  The situation is encouraging。 We’re encouraged。形式使人鼓舞。我们感到鼓舞。 
  常用的还有:amusing/amused,astonishing/astonished,disappointing/disappointed,exciting/excited,frightening/frightened,interesting interested,moving/moved, relaxing/relaxed,satisfying/satisfied,shocking/shocked,surprising/surprised,terrifying/terrified,tiring/tired,worrying/worried等等。 
  (4)做状语的区别,分词短语在句中可做时间、原因、方式、伴随状语。现在分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生、意思是主动的。而过去分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生、意思是被动的。 
  例如: 
  Seeing nobody at home,she decided to leave them a note。看到没人在家,她决定给他们留个条。(主动意义,几乎同时) 
  The secretary worked late into the night,preparing a speech for the president。秘书工作到晚上很晚,给总统准备一篇演说。(主动意义,同时) 
  Tired of the noise,he closed the window。对噪音感到厌烦,所以他把窗户关上。(被动意义,在谓语之前) 
  Deeply moved,she thanked me again and again。她深深地受了感动,再三谢我。(被动意义,在谓语之前) 
  Persuade by my mother,she gladly went there alone。在我母亲劝说下,她才高兴地独自去那里。(被动意义,在谓语之前) 
  如果现在分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生,现在分词要用完成形式,但意思仍然是主动的。 
  例如: 
  Having watered the vegetables,they began to pick up the Apples。=After they had watered the vegetables,they began to pick up the apples。他们浇完了蔬菜之后就开始摘苹果。 
  Having finished the work,he packed his tools and left。完工后,他收拾起工具走了。
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