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英语四级语法备考:不同词序带来不同语义

来源:考试网   2010-09-09   【
不同词序带来的不同语义
  在中文里,词序非常重要;两个字的秩序不同,意思也不同。例如“东西”和“西东”,前者是“things”,后者是“everywhere” ——“各奔西东”。再如“女儿”和“儿女”,前者是“ daughter(s)”,后者是“children”。
  英语的词序虽不像中文那样富有语义上的变化,但也很重要,绝对不容忽视。有时,一字一词方位的改变,全句的意思可能“牵一发动全身”,跟着受影响。
  下面便是些好例子:
  (1) Even the government officers admitted that some tax measures were unfair.
  (2)The government officers admitted that even some tax measures were unfair.
  第一句的意思是:每个人,包括政府官员,都承认有些税务措施不公平。第二句的意思是:政府官员承认,许多事情,连税务措施在内,都不公平。前者焦点在“人”;后者则在“事”。
  (3) The couple don‘t have much money to spend on their foreign trip.
  (4) The couple don‘t have to spend much money on their foreign trip.
  第三句说“钱不够用”;第四句却说“不必多用钱”。“没有钱可花”和“有钱不必多花”,呈强烈对照,词序的影响,由此可见一斑!
  (5)The committee as a whole pointed out that the world economic situation had improved.
  (6)The committee pointed out that the world economic situation as a whole had improved.
  第五句指的是“全部的委员”;第六句却影射“整体的经济局势”。同样一个片语,所指有所不同。
  (7) In vain did David try to prevent the job from being done.
  (8) David tried to prevent the job from being done in vain.
  (9)里的“in vain”(无结果)指的是大卫的行动;⑧里的不是指人的行动,而是指“在进行中的工作”。
  (10) Approaching the shop, Helen noticed two strangers.
  (11) Helen noticed two strangers approaching the shop.
  (12)里讲的是“海伦走向银行时,注意到两个陌生人”;⑩里指的是“两个陌生人走向银行时,引起海伦的注意”。
  (13) I may visit a sometime lecturer of English language.
  (14) I may visit a lecturer of English language sometime.
  (15)里的“sometime”是形容词,意思是“以前的”;(12)里的“ sometime”是时间副词,意思是“某时候”。前者可以改成“former ”或“previous”;后者就要变为“at a certain time”了。
  最后,请问下列二词,哪个是“防暴警察”?哪个是“警察暴动”?
  A: RIOT POLICE
  B: POLICE RIOT
  Answer: A 防暴警察
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