四级语法精要：动词（二）

2. 短语动词

1) Vi + adv

The plane took off two hours late.

2) Vi + prep

They looked round the Cathedral.

3) Vi + prep (有被动语态)

She’s looking after her sister’s children.

The children were always well looked after.

4) Vi + adv + prep

I began to look forward to their visits.

5) Vt + O + adv

Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.

The children were brought up by their mother.

They took him on.

6) Vt + adv + O (无被动语态)

I am trying to give up smoking.

7) Vt + O + prep

We talked Donald into agreement.

3. 省略

1) 在以as, than, when, if, unless等引导的从句中的省略: 在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉.

a) Look out for cars when crossing the street.

When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.

While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.

Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.

If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.

Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.

This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.

Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.

She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.

She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.

Fill in the application as instructed.

Whenever known, such facts should be reported.

The documents will be returned as soon as signed.

He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.

Once having made a promise, you should keep it.

b) If necessary I’ll have the letter duplicated.

Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver) necessary.

If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.

As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.

2) 在以than a) 或 as b) 引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略.

a) He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary.

We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.

b) They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did).

He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.

Their training is free, as is all education.

We will, as always, stand on your side.

3) 错误的省略

His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know.

While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her.