2011年英语四级考试阅读提高训练(5)

from childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us.when humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool.yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind?s future 3 and cultural growth increased.
　　many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language.they 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood.therefore there are critical 10 times for language development.
　　current 11 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades.young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed.
　　16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum.children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language.this demonstrates that 18 with other human beings isnecessary for proper language development.some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities.these theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them.parents gradually shape their child’s language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.
　　1.a.generated b.evolved c.born d.originated
　　2.a.valuable b.appropriate c.convenient d.favorite
　　3.a.attainments b.feasibilityc.entertainments d.evolution
　　4.a.essential b.available c.reliable d.responsible
　　5.a.confirm b.inform c.claim d.convince
　　6.a.for b.from c.of d.with
　　7.a.organizations b.organisms c.humans d.children
　　8.a.potential b.performance c.preference d.passion
　　9.a.as b.just as c.like d.unlike
　　10.a.ideological b.biologicalc.social d.psychological
　　11.a.reviews b.referencec.reaction d.recommendation
　　12.a.in a word b.in a sense
　　c.indeed d.in other words
　　13.a.various b.different c.the higher d.the lower
　　14.a.revealed b.exposed c.engaged d.involved
　　15.a.regulations b.formationsc.rules d.constitutions
　　16.a.although b.whether c.since d.when
　　17.a.distinguished b.different c.protected d.isolated
　　18.a.exposition b.comparison c.contrastd.interaction
　　19.a.acquisition b.appreciation c.requirementd.alternative
　　20.a.as a result b.after allc.in other words d.above all
　　1.【答案】b2.【答案】a
　　3.【答案】a 【解析】此处意思是：语言的发展增加了人类未来的成就和文化进步的可能性。attainments成就；feasibility可行性；entertainments娱乐；evolution进化。
　　4.【答案】d6.【答案】d
　　5.【答案】c
　　【解析】根据语法分析,空格后应是一个宾语从句，而a，b，d三项后都不能接从句做直接宾语。confirm(确认)+名词；inform(通知)sb.of sth.；convince(使某人确信) sb.of sth.
　　7.【答案】b【解析】此处意为：我们高度发达的大脑是我们具备了其它低等动物所不具备的语言能力。显然，这里是把人和低等动物相比较。因此选organisms有机体，生物体。
　　8.【答案】a 【解析】此句意思是：人类的语言能力是与生俱来的，但语言本身也在逐渐发展，所以这种能力应该是潜在的。potential潜力；performance履行；preference偏爱；passion激情。
　　9.【答案】a 10.【答案】b
　　11.【答案】a 【解析】此处意为：目前人们对“先天论”评论观点不一，但是支持某些天生能力的证据却是确凿无疑的。reviews评论；reference参考；reaction反应；recommendation推荐。
　　12.【答案】c 【解析】从11题可看出，作者是倾向于先天论的，为了进一步证明先天论是有道理的，作者选择了以学校为例加以说明，因此这里应填一个表示递进关系的词indeed(甚至)。
　　13.【答案】d【解析】此处意思是：越来越多的学校发现在什么年级学外语较容易，根据常识(低年级学外语较容易)以及后文的young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults…可以选定答案。
　　14.【答案】b15.【答案】c 16.【答案】a
　　17.【答案】d 【解析】此句意为：与人隔绝的儿童不能掌握好一门语言。isolated孤立的，与人隔绝的；distinguished区别的，杰出的；different不同的；protected受到保护的。