大学英语四级考试阅读学习笔记(19)_第2页

四、一些具体结构的翻译：
　　1.限定性定语从句: 按照修饰语前置翻译方法。通常译为“……的”。（置于被修饰的名词之前）
　　例：For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.
　　从人口的总体考虑，我们必须更多地关注摄入少量的、在不知不觉中污染我们世界的杀虫剂所造成的延迟效应。
　　2.非限定性定语从句（即which之前有逗号）译为单句
　　例：He said that this was a good idea, which he would consider.
　　他说这是一个好主意，他会加以考虑。
　　3.同位语从句
　　1）分译法：将先行词与同位语从句分开翻译，中间用“即”、“就是说”、冒号、破折号分开。
　　例：He said that this was a good idea that he would consider.（定语从句）
　　We have to face the fact that we are still poor.（同位语从句）
　　我们必须面对一个事实，即我们还很贫穷。
　　2）转换法：如果同位语修饰的名词含有动作意义，则可将该名词译为动词。这类词有：suggestion / opinion / belief / hope
　　例：He has a feeling that his son was not wrong.
　　他感觉到他的儿子没有错。
　　4.比较结构：最根本的译法译为“比…更…”
　　例：Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as arention and memory.
　　研究人员证实人们在动脑筋时，头脑里会产生生化变化，使头脑在注意力和记忆力这类认知领域中更有效地活动。
　　And someone with a history of doing more
　　rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.
　　习惯于多动脑筋而不是少动脑筋的人，在进入老年以后，要比一个从来不积极动脑子的人的认知能力更为健全。
　　The latter ignores the higher cost of providing full services to a scattered community and the cost in both monery and time of the journeys to work for the suburban resident.
　　后者忽视了向分散居住的社区提供充分的服务需要较高的花费，以及近郊居民上下班既费钱又费时间。
　　1）将more…than…译为“比…更…”；将more译为“更…”
　　例：He was more active than I.
　　他比我更积极。
　　2）用比较级表达最高级含义时，可译为“最”、“莫过于”。
　　例：There is no better example than this.
　　这是最好的例子。
　　5.被动结构
　　1）译为被动。如“被”、“受到”、“遭到”、“由”、“为…所”。
　　例：The committee established by UN is considering the problem.
　　由联合国建立的委员会正在考虑这个问题。
　　2）译为表语。即“是……的”
　　例：The decision was not made easily.
　　这个决定不是轻易做出的。
　　3）译为主动句。
　　例：He was given a high mark by his teacher.
　　他的老师给了他一个高分。