大学英语四级考试阅读讲义(四十五)_第3页

Passage Three
　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
　　What might driving on an automated highway be like? The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types are on the drawing board. The first is a special purpose lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manually driven cars. A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway(高速公路) capacity.
　　Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway. If a mixed traffic system was in place, automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitable equipped roads. If special-purpose lanes were available, the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp(入口引道). As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed such tests, the driver would then be guided through a gate and toward an automated lane. In this case, the transition from manual to automated control would take place on the entrance ramp. An alternative technique could employ conventional lanes, which would be shared by automated and regular vehicles. The driver would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a “transition” lane. The vehicle would then shift under computer control onto a lane reserved for automated traffic. (The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would, presumably, be well respected, because all trespassers(非法进入者) could be swiftly identified by authorities.)
　　Either approach to joining a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those already traveling. Automatic control here should allow for smooth merging, without the usual uncertainties and potential for accidents. And once a vehicle had settled into automated travel, the driver would be free to release the wheel, open the morning paper or just relax.
　　21. We learn from the first paragraph that two systems of automated highways .
　　A) are being planned C) are now in wide use
　　B) are being modified D) are under construction
　　22. A special-purpose lane system is probably advantageous in that .
　　A) it would require only minor changes to existing highways
　　B) it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiency
　　C) it has a lane for both automated and partially automated vehicles
　　D) it offers more lanes for automated vehicles
　　23. Which of the following is true about driving on an automated highway?
　　A) Vehicles traveling on it are assigned different lanes according to their destinations.
　　B) A car can join existing traffic any time in a mixed lane system.
　　C) The driver should inform his car computer of his destination before driving onto it.
　　D) The driver should share the automated lane with those of regular vehicles.
　　24. We know from the passage that a car can enter a special-purpose lane .
　　A) by smoothly merging with cars on the conventional lane
　　B) by way of a ramp with electronic control devices
　　C) through a specially guarded gate
　　D) after all trespassers are identified and removed
　　25. When driving in an automated lane, the driver .
　　A) should harmonize with newly entering cars
　　B) doesn’t have to rely on his computer system
　　C) should watch out for potential accidents
　　D) doesn’t have to hold on to the steering wheel
　　Passage Four
　　Questions 21 to 30 are based on the following passage.
　　Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read, write and compute at certain levels; and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self-fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is “intelligent.” Yet mental hospitals are filed with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day.
　　If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything it’s worth, then you are an intelligent person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N.B.D.─Nervous Break Down.
　　“Intelligent” people do not have N.B.D.’s because they are in charge of themselves. They know how to choose happiness over depression, because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives.
　　You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an N.B.D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don’t measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare.
　　26. According to the author, the conventional notion of intelligence measured in terms of one’s ability to read, write and compute .
　　A) is a widely held but wrong concept
　　B) will help eliminate intellectual prejudice
　　C) is the root of all mental distress
　　D) will contribute to one’s self-fulfillment
　　27. It is implied in the passage that holding a university degree .
　　A) may result in one’s inability to solve complex real-life problems
　　B) does not indicate one’s ability to write properly worded documents
　　C) may make one mentally sick and physically weak
　　D) does not mean that one is highly intelligent
　　28. The author thinks that an intelligent person knows .
　　A) how to put up with some very prevalent myths
　　B) how to find the best way to achieve success in life
　　C) how to avoid depression and make his life worthwhile
　　D) how to persuade others to compromise
　　29. In the last paragraph, the author tells us that .
　　A) difficulties are but part of everyone’s life
　　B) depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in life
　　C) everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstances
　　D) good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence
　　30. According to the passage, what kind of people are rare?
　　A) Those who don’t emphasize bookish excellence in their pursuit of happiness.
　　B) Those who are aware of difficulties in life but know how to avoid unhappiness.
　　C) Those who measure happiness by an absence of problems but seldom suffer from N.B. D.’s.
　　D)Those who are able to secure happiness though having to struggle against trying circumstances