大学英语四级考试阅读讲义(三十三)

Unit 9
　　Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
　　(35 minutes)
　　Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
　　Passage One
　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
　　Three English dictionaries published recently all lay claim to possessing a “new” feature. The BBC English Dictionary contains background information on 1,000 people and places prominent in the news since 1988; the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary: Encyclopedic (百科全书的) Edition is the OALD plus encyclopedic entries; the Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture is the LDOCE plus cultural information.
　　The key fact is that all three dictionaries can be seen to have a distinctly “cultural” as well as language learning content. That being said, the way in which they approach the cultural element is not identical, making direct comparisons between the three difficult.
　　While there is some common ground between the encyclopedic/cultural entries for the Oxford and Longman dictionaries, there is a clear difference. Oxford lays claim to being encyclopedic on content whereas Longman distinctly concentrates on the language and culture of the English-speaking world. The Oxford dictionary can therefore stand more vigorous scrutiny (审视) for cultural bias than the Longman publication because the latter does not hesitate about viewing the rest of the world from the cultural perspectives of the English-speaking world. The cultural objectives of the BBC dictionary are in turn more distinct still. Based on an analysis of over 70 million words recorded from the BBC World Service and National Public Radio of Washington over a period of four years, their 1,000 brief encyclopedic entries are based on people and places that have featured (占显著地位) in the news recently. The intended user they have in mind is a regular listener to the World Service who will have a reasonable standard of English and a developed skill in listening comprehension.
　　In reality, though, the BBC dictionary will be purchased by a far wider range of language learners, as will the other two dictionaries. We will be faced with a situation where many of the users of these dictionaries will at the very least have distinct socio-cultural perspectives and may have world views which are totally opposed and even hostile to those of the West. Advanced learners from this kind of background will not only evaluate a dictionary on how user-friendly it is but will also have definite views about the scope and appropriateness of the various socio-cultural entries.
　　21. What feature sets apart the three dictionaries discussed in the passage from traditional ones?
　　A) The combination of two dictionaries into one
　　B) The new approach to defining words
　　C) The inclusion of cultural content
　　D) The increase in the number of entries
　　22. The Longman dictionary is more likely to be criticized for cultural prejudice because .
　　A) its scope of cultural entries goes beyond the culture of the English-speaking world
　　B) it pays little attention to the cultural content of the non-English-speaking countries
　　C) it views the world purely from the standpoint of the English-speaking people
　　D) it fails to distinguish language from culture in its encyclopedic entries
　　23. The BBC dictionary differs from Oxford and Longman in that .
　　A) it has a wider selection Of encyclopedic entries
　　B) it is mainly designed to meet the needs of radio listeners
　　C) it lays more emphasis on language than on culture
　　D) it is intended to help listeners develop their listening comprehension skills
　　24. It is implied in the last paragraph that, in approaching socio-cultural content in a dictionary, special thought should be given to .
　　A) the language levels of its users
　　B) the number of its prospective purchasers
　　C) the different tastes of its users
　　D) the various cultural backgrounds of its users
　　25. What is the passage mainly about?
　　A) Different ways of treating socio-cultural elements in the three new English dictionaries.
　　B) A comparison of people's opinions on the cultural content in the three new English dictionaries.
　　C) The advantages of the BBC dictionary over Oxford and Longman.
　　D) The user-friendliness of the three new English dictionaries.