2013年12月大学英语四级考试阅读训练16

　　So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that "reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible."

　　Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed.

　　Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.

　　If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest (探索) for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. "Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children."

　　When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.

　　这是一篇议论文，在对传统的阅读教学方式进行批判的同时，论述了作者自己对阅读的教学观;阅读的教与学是两个完全不同的过程。

　　36. The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that _____.

　　A) too much time is spent in teaching about reading

　　B) reading tasks are assigned with little guidance

　　C) it is one of the most difficult school courses

　　D) students spend endless hours in reading

　　[答案与分析]:[A]答题依据为文章第1段第3句话：“It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading.”

　　37. The teaching of reading will be successful if ______.

　　A) teachers can make their teaching activities observable

　　B) teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading

　　C) teachers can improve conditions at school for the students

　　D) teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading

　　[答案与分析]:[D]A项的陈述与第2段最后一句话不符，而且can be seen and observed是the teaching的一个特点，而非其成功的原因或标志，故A可排除。C项所说的condition的含义显然与文章第2段第2句的condition不是同一个意思。根据第2段第2句话可排除B、确定D正确。

　　38. The word "scrutiny" (Line 3, Para. 3) most probably means "________".

　　A) suspicion B) control C) observation D) inquiry

　　[答案与分析]:[C]本题是词义题。文章对learning和teaching做了比较，指出二者具有不同的特点：“Teaching is a public activity;It can be seen and observed”，而learning“is not open to public scrutiny”。可见，scrutiny与be seen and observed的含义近似，故observation为正确答案。

　　39. According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ______.

　　A) teaching helps children in the search for knowledge

　　B) teacher and learner roles are interchangeable

　　C) reading enriches children' experience

　　D) children become highly motivated

　　[答案与分析]:[D]根据文章第4、第5段的内容，尤其是第5段最后一句话，可以看出D项为正确答案。

　　40. The main idea of the passage is that ______.

　　A) reading is more complicated than generally believed

　　B) reading ability is something acquired rather than taught

　　C) teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible

　　D) teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read

　　[答案与分析]:[B]文章第1段最后一句话引用的Douglas的观点“reading cannot be taught directly”，其实就是作者自己的观点。并且可以看出，文章全篇都是在论证这一观点，B项不过是这一观点的翻版说法。