2013年英语四级阅读试题及答案7

　　Passage One

　　Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the

　　disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.

　　The researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.

　　Observers noted down the referees' errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23

　　mistakes, a remarkably high number.

　　The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters.The research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.

　　There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.

　　If FIFA, football's international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of

　　refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball,the researcher argues.

　　He also says that FIFA's insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be

　　misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.

　　51. The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to _______.

　　A) review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup

　　B) analyse the causes of errors made by football referees

　　C) set a standard for football refereeing

　　D) reexamine the rules for football refereeing.

　　[答案及分析]：B。题目问的是研究人员的实验目的是什么。根据第一段可知，98年世界杯因裁判失误而造成许多胜败的逆转，此次研究就是为了分析造成裁判失误的原因是什么。

　　52. The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was _______.

　　A) slightly above average B) higher than in the 1998 World Cup

　　C) quite unexpected D) as high as in a standard match

　　[答案及分析]：C。从第三段可知，实验结果表明90分钟比赛中平均每个裁判犯错23次，这是相当高的数字。可见，裁判犯错的次数是出乎意料的。

　　53. The findings of the experiment show that _______.

　　A) errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball

　　B) the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors

　　C) the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occur

　　D) errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot

　　[答案及分析]：A。该题可采取排除法来解题。从文章的第四段第二句可知，裁判离球越近就越容易犯错。

　　54. The word "officials" (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably refers to _______.

　　A) the researchers involved in the experiment

　　B) the inspectors of the football tournament

　　C) the referees of the football tournament

　　D) the observers at the site of the experiment

　　[答案及分析]：C。这句话的意思是：当这些官员判断正确时，他们通常在离球员行为地点17米处。可见officials指的是足球比赛的裁判。

　　55. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?

　　A) The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.

　　B) Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.

　　C) A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.

　　D) An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.

　　[答案及分析]：B。从最后一段可知，研究人员认为裁判45岁就要退休的决定是不对的。由于并不需要紧跟球员行动，那么身体状况就没那么重要。因此B的答案是正确的。