2015年6月大学英语四级临考提分卷（五）_第4页

　　Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

　　Nearly a third of women are the main breadwinners in their household in Britain, according to a major survey.Researchers said that in many relationships it was no longer assumed that the man would bring in the bigger income，47 in a time of widespread redundancies(裁员).

　　In a 48 shift in attitudes, four out of ten women said that the career of whichever partner had the highest income would take 49 in the relationship.

　　In one in ten families, a house husband looks after the children and does the 50 while their female partner works full time.

　　Ten percent of women admitted this role 51 had put strains on their relationship and some said it had even led to them 52 company.

　　The Women and Work Survey 2010，commissioned(受……委托)by Grazia magazine，found that almost half of full-time mothers 53 not earning their own money.

　　And two thirds of the mothers among the 2,000 women in the survey said they wanted to keep working in some way after having children.

　　A 54 higher number of those with children under three said they would prefer to work--preferably part-time----rather than stay at home.

　　Victoria Harper of Grazia said,"Women are getting good jobs when they graduate, and working up the career 55 faster than they have ever done."

　　This means that there has to be more 56 between the roles of men and women in a relationship and when they have children.

　　A) precedence I) especially

　　B) connection J) parting

　　C) prospect K) opposite

　　D) slightly L) chores

　　E) ladder M) disliked

　　F) favored N) fluidity

　　G) plan O) significant

　　H) reversal

　　Section B

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished　statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best　choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

　　Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the　time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb; whistle, ride a bicycle--compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out; with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.

　　If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let's end this nonsense of grades, exams,marks. Let us throw them all out. and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.

　　Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one's life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, "But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get in the world?" Don't worry! If it is essential,they will go out into the world and learn it.

　　57. What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?

　　A) By imitating what other people do.

　　B) By making mistakes and having them corrected.

　　C) By listening to explanations from skilled people.

　　D) By asking a great many questions.

　　58. The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are

　　A) not really important skills

　　B) mort important than other skills

　　C) basically different from learning adult skills

　　D) basically the same as learning other skills

　　59. According to the passage, the author thinks teachers in school should

　　A) allow children to learn by himself or herself

　　B) point out children's mistakes whenever they're found

　　C) correct children's mistakes as soon as possible

　　D) give children more book knowledge

　　60. The author believes the teacher's role in children's learning should be.

　　A) the identifier and corrector of their errors

　　B) their helper and guide

　　C) the person to grade their performance and give feedbacks

　　D) the person to pass on something essential to them

　　61. The title of this passage could probably be

　　A) Let Teachers Stop Work

　　B) Let Us Make Children Learn

　　C) Let Children Correct Their Own Papers

　　D) Let Children Learn by Themselves

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

　　Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet.

　　Psychologists who study optimization ( 最优化 ) compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents (支持者) of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take,they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent (相关的) considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.

　　Since most important problems are multifaceted (多层面的), there are several alternatives to choose frown, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and

　　remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for my college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a

　　position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.

　　A decision-making worksheet begins with succinct (简洁的) statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating

　　student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"

　　62. Of he following steps__________ is the one that occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet.

　　A) listing the consequences of each solution

　　B) calculating a numerical summary of each solution

　　C) writing down all possible solutions

　　D) deciding which consequences are most important

　　63.According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one hat__________.

　　A) has the fewest variables to consider

　　B) uses the most decision worksheets

　　C) has the most points assigned to it

　　D) is agreed to by the greatest number of people

　　64. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of__________.

　　A) describing a process

　　B) classifying different types

　　C) providing historical background

　　D) explaining a theory

　　65. The author's attitude towards a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is __________.

　　A) neural

　　B) approving

　　C) ambiguous

　　D) biased

　　66. The passage mainly discusses __________.

　　A) a tool to assist in making complex decisions

　　B) a comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions

　　C) research on how people make decisions

　　D) differences between making long-range and short-range decisions