2011大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案8

 31.According to the passage， Brazil has cut back its population growth_______. A） by educating its citizens B） by careful family panning C） by developing TV programmes D） by chance 32.According to the passage， many Third World countries_______. A） haven't attached much importance to birth control B） would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rate C） haven't yet found an effective measure to control their population D） neglected the role of TV plays in family planning 33.The phrase "puts it down to" （Line 1， Para. 3） is closest in meaning to "_______" A） attributes it to B） sums it up as C） finds it a reason for D） compares it to 34.Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazil's birth rate because_______. A） they keep people sitting long hours watching TV B） they have gradually changed people's way of life C） people are drawn to their attractive package D） they popularize birth control measures 35.What is Martine's conclusion about Brazil's population growth？

    A） The increase in birth rate will promote consumption. B） The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate. C） Consumption patterns and reproduction patterns are contradictory. D） A country's production is limited by its population growth. Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage：There seems never to have been a civilization without toys， but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to five children something to do. In the ancient world， as is today， most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined，boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared， even in play， to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world. What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship， mechanics， and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all part of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt， the Americas， China， Japanand among the Arctic （北极的） peoples， generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls， little weapons， toy soldiers， tiny animals and vehicles. Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form， they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use.The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent （进步）。 The progress from a rattle（拨浪鼓）used by a baby in 3000 BC to one used by an infant today， however， is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.