大学英语四级模拟试题（3）_第2页

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.  Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements, For each of them there are four choices marked A ), B), C)and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

      The main idea of these business school academics is appealing. In a world where companies must adapt to new technologies and source of competition, it is much harder than it used to be to offer good employees job security and an opportunity to climb the corporate ladder. Yet it is also more necessary than ever for employees to invest in better skills and sparkle with bright ideas. How can firms get the most out of people if they can no longer offer them protection and promotion?

      Many bosses would love to have an answer.  Sumantrra Ghoshal of the London Business School and Christopher Bartlett of the Harvard Business School think they have one: "Employability. ' If managers offer the right kinds of training and guidance, and change their attitude towards their underlings(下属), they will be able to reassure their employees that they wi[[ always have the skills and experience to find a good job--even if it is with a different company.

      Unfortunately, they promise more than they deliver. Their thoughts on what an ideal organization should accomplish are hard to quarrel with: Encourage people to be creative, make sure the gains from creativity are shared with the pains of the business that can make the most of them, keep the organization from getting stale(陈旧的) and so forth. The real disappointment comes when they attempt to show how firms might actually create such an environment. At its nub (要点) is the notion that companies can attain their elusive goals by changing their implicit contract with individual workers, and treating them as a source of value rather than a part in a machine.

      The authors offer a few inspiring examples of companies  they include Motorola, 3M and ABB--that have managed to go some way towards creating such organizations. But they offer little useful guidance on how to go about it, and leave the biggest questions unanswered. How do you continuously train people, without diverting them from their everyday job of making the business more profitable? How do you train people to be successful elsewhere while still encouraging them to make big commitments to your own firm? How do you get your newly liberated employees to spend their time on ideas that create value, and not simply on those they enjoy? Most of their answers are platitudinous (平常的), and when they are not they are unconvincing.

57. We can infer from the passage that in the past an employee __________

    A)had job security and opportunity of promotion

    B)had to compete with each other to keep his job

    C)had to undergo training all the time

    D)had no difficulty climbing the corporate ladder

58. The author is making comments on the idea that _______________

    A)the companies must adapt to new technologies and modern competition

    B)the companies should offer enough job security and promotion opportunity

    C) the companies should offer proper training and create an environment to encourage creativity

    D)the companies should establish business schools to train employees

59. In their work, Ghoshal and Bartlett discuss _________________

    A)changes in business organizations

    B)contracts between employers and employees

    C) employment environment

    D)management skills

60. According to Christopher Bartlett, -- will improve "employability".

    A)ability to [ay out one% talents to employers

    B)skills and knowledge accumulated from school education

    C) training opportunity and guidance offered by the company

    D)being creative and ready to share collective wisdom

61. The companies in the book including Motorola, 3M and ABB are examples that ___________

     A)take some measure to make employees creative

     B)treat their workers as a part in a machine

     C)give their workers more training and little everyday job

     D)offer their workers more welfare and make little profit

Passage Two

 Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

      Today, there are many avenues open to those who wish to continue their education. However, nearly all require some break in one's career in order to attend school full time. Part-time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the process out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. Additionally, such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact negatively on one's career and family time. Of the many approaches to teaching and learning, however, perhaps the most flexible and accommodating is that called distance learning. Distance learning is an educational method which allows the students the flexibility to study at his or her own pace to achieve the academic goals which are so necessary in today's world. The time required to study may be set aside at the student's convenience with regard to all life’s other requirements. Additionally, the student may enroll in distance learning courses from virtually any place in the world, while continuing to pursue their chosen career. Tutorial assistance may be available via regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet.

       Good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject evaluation tools with every subject. This precludes the requirement for a student to travel away from home to take a test. Another characteristic of a good distance learning program is the eqnivalenee of the distance learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. The resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distance learning or on-campus study is employed. The individuality of the professor-student relationship is another characteristic of a good distance learning program. In the final analysis, a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual student but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization- Sponsoring distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining career-minded people while contributing to their personal and professional growth through education.

62. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of part-time education?

     A)It requires some break in one's career.

     B)It tends to last too long for many people to complete a degree program.

     C)It affects one's career.

     D)It gives the student less time to share with the family.