1 leave sb the choice of ：要么。。。要么。。。(选择类)
eg The age of 30s leaves you the choice of marriage or remaining a bachelor.
2 be the instrument of sth ：引来某事物的人或事(使动类)
eg 能够让你幸福，我愿意付出我的一切。
If I can be the instrument of your happiness, I’ll sacrifice all my belongings.
3 It was the memory/memories of ：追溯到。。。(回忆类)
Eg Perhaps it wai the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which considered turning points in the nations’ development.
4 on the premise/ground/prerequisite/proposition/hypothesis/presumposition that ：基于一个前提(假设类)
eg Advice to investors was on the premise that interest rates would continue to fall.
对投资者的建议是以利率会继续下跌为根据的。
5 be bound to 必定。。。;一定。。。(意愿类)
Eg Just wars are bound to triumph over wars of aggression.
正义战争必然战胜侵略战争。
6 a matter of / doing sth ：与。。。有关的情况(描述类)
Eg Dealing with these problems is all the matter of experience.
处理这些问题全凭经验。
7 This is the similar case with / when 正如，这恰如。。。也会(类比类)
Eg1 这恰如我们虽然看不懂莫扎特乐曲的总谱，却照样能同它的主旋律产生共鸣，击节称颂。
This is the similar case when the main melody can evoke a strong echo for us to clap hands in admiration despite our disability to understand the score of Mozart’s musical pieces.
Eg2 除此之外，老百姓的服务性消费，如教育。信息，旅游等消费也会大幅增长。
Besides, this is the similar case with the citizen’s ecpenditure such as education, information and travelling.
8 be exemplified by 这一点证明了。。。;这一点-也反映在以下事实中。。。(总分类)
Eg The manual worker is usually quite at ease in any company. This is partly exemplified by the fact that people of all income groups go together to the same schools.
体力劳动者在任何场合通常都相当自在。收入档次不同的人上同一所学校，这个事实多少说明了这点。
9 constitute。。。(不用于进行式)是;认为(判断类)
Eg1 My decision does not constitute a precedent.
我的决定不应视为先例。
Eg2 The defeat constitutes a major set-back for our diplomacy.
这一失败是我们外交上一次较大的挫折。
10 witness。。。见证(发生类)
Eg 在下一轮的会谈中，我们将宣布中东地区永久停火协议，对此我抱有乐观态度并充满希望。
I am optimistic and hopeful that the next round of talk will witness a permanent cease-fire in the Middle East.
