翻译阅读资料：英国金融体系

Traditionally HM Treasury, along with the Bank of England, has been responsible for deciding all aspects of the UK's economic and financial policy. Following the 1997 election, in which the Labour Party came to power, the macroeconomic policy framework has been reformed. The aim of this reform is to help provide a framework for improved macroeconomic stability and economic growth.

传统上，由财政部和英格兰银行负责英国经济和金融的各方面政策。1997年大选之后，工党上台掌权，改革了宏观经济框架。改革的目的是为了提供一个框架，以加强宏观经济稳定，促进经济增长。

I would like to explain the key features of the UK economic policy framework, identify the key institutions, their leaders and their main responsibilities. There are three main institutions. The first is HM Treasury which is responsible for the oe\verall economic framework and for fiscal policy in particular. It is led by the Chancellor, Gordon Brown who is an elected politician.

我想解释一下英国经济政策框架的特点，介绍主要机构、领导人和他们的主要职责。一共有三个主要机构，第一个是财政部。财政部负责整体经济框架，尤其是财政政策。财政部由财政大臣布朗领导，他是当选的政界人士。

He is supported by 4 junior ministers with specific responsibilites, who are also elected politicians. The Ministers receive advice from three main sources: civil servants, political advisers. And for some specific projects, business leaders also prepare advice. Fiscal policy is decided through two main processes: the budget and the spending review process.

他由4位负有具体职责的次长支持工作，这些次长也是当选的政界人士。次长们有3个咨询来源：公务员，政治顾问，还有在一些具体项目中，商界领导人也会准备咨询意见。财政政策的决定有两个主要程序：一个是预算，另一个是开支回顾。

The budget is presented each spring to Parliament. It sets out tax policy for the year. Since 1997 there has also been a pre-budget report. This explains progress and suggests some ideas for discussion. Later in the Spring Budget a decisioin is made. Spending policy is decided every three years. There are two main elements of spending poilcy. Both are decided at the same time.

预算每年春季提交给议会。预算定出本年的税收政策。1997年以来，实行了预算前报告的做法，报告解释预算进展，提出一些想法供讨论，然后在春季预算里做决定。开支政策每3年定一次，政策中有两个主要组成部分，同时进行确定。

One, the amount of money which each department receives and two, using this money, targets each department will achieve. For example for the Education Department a target for how many children pass exams. The second main institution is the Bank of England. It is led by someone non-political; at the moment, Eddie George. In 1997 it was given full independence to set interest rates. A committee, which includes a Treasury civil servant, makes the decision.

一个是政府部门的拨款额，另一人是用这些钱达到什么目标。比如，教育部的目标包括有多少儿童通过考试。第二个主要机构是英格兰银行，行长是非政界人士，现任行长是埃迪·乔治。英格兰银行于1997年开始完全独立地确定利率，由一个有财政部公务员参加的委员会作出决定。

The level of interest rates is set in order to achieve a certain rate of inflation. This target rate is decided by the Chancellor. Therefore although the bank can decide the level of interest rates without any interference, the macroeconomic position is guided by an elected politician who is responsible to the country. The Bank also deals in the foreign exchange market.

确定利率水平是为了达到一定的通胀目标，这个目标是财政大臣确定的。虽然英格兰银行可以不受干涉地确定利率，但是宏观经济政策由一位当选的政界人士指导。这位政界人士向全国负责。英格兰银行还参与外汇市场的交易。

Finally, the Financial Services Authority is responsible for monitoring and regulating the financial services industry. It has four main aims. One, maintaining confidence in the UK financial system. They supervise stock exchanges. Two, promoting public understanding of the financial system. They help consumers to become informed consumers, so that they can manage their financial affairs more effectively.

最后，是金融服务当局，其责任是监管金融服务行业。当局有4个目的，第一是维护人们对英国金融体制的信心，他们还监管股市。第二是向公众宣传金融体制，帮助消费者掌握信息，更有效地理财。

Three, securing the right degres of protection for consumers. They monitor how firms and individuals are meeting standards. Where serious problems arise they investigate and, if appropriate, discipline or prosecute those that have violated rules. Four, helping to reduce financial crime. Their work focuses on three main types of financial crime: money laundering; fraud, and criminal market misconduct such as insider dealing.

第三是为消费者提供适当程度的保护，监督公司和个人是否符合行为标准。出现严重问题时，进行调查。适当时，处分或起诉违反规定的人。第四是协助减少金融犯罪。他们的注意力集中在3个方面：洗钱，诈骗，还有像知情者交易这种违法的市场行为。