全国翻译资格中译英常用英语句子结构使用备考：定语从句

　　定语从句

　　①限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

　　第一种情况：当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 用that和which均可), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等形容词修饰时。

　　Have you taken down (written down) everything (that) Mr. Li said?

　　There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.

　　All that can be done has been done.

　　There is little (that) I can do for you.

　　注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

　　Any man that/who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.

　　第二种情况：当先行词被序数词修饰时。

　　The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

　　第三种情况：当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。

　　This is the best film that I have ever seen.

　　第四种情况：当形容词被the very, the only，the same, the last, any, little等修饰时。

　　This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.

　　After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.

　　注意当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

　　Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.

　　第五种情况：当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。

　　Who is the man that is standing there?

　　Which is the T-shirt that fits me best?

　　第六种情况：当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时。

　　Can you remember the driver, his car and his dog that we saw in the park the other day?

　　第七种情况：当关系代词在定语从句中做表语时。

　　The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago.

　　第八种情况：在there be句型中句子的主语是先行词，而且是物，通常情况下用that，不用which。

　　There are two novels that I want to read.

　　There is no work that can be done now.

　　②关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

　　as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。

　　第一种情况：As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。

　　He married her, as/which was natural.

　　He was honest, as/which we can see.

　　第二种情况：as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思。

　　As is known to all, China is a developing country. / China is a developing country, which is known to all. / China is a developing country, as is known to all.

　　He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.

　　John, as you know, is a famous writer.

　　注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，用which, 不用as。

　　Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.

　　第三种情况：当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用as

　　I have never heard such a story as he tells.

　　He is not such a fool as he looks.

　　This is the same book as I lost last week.

　　注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。

　　She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

　　She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

　　注意：定语从句such…as …与结果状语从句such… that…的区别：as在所引导的定语从句中做主语、宾语;that在结果状语从句中不做成分

　　He has such a good laptop as I want to buy. 他拥有一台我想买的笔记本电脑。

　　He has such a good laptop that I want to buy one. 他的笔记本电脑是如此之好，以至于我都想买一台。

　　③以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。

　　The way (in which/that) he answered the question was surprising.

　　I don’t like the way (in which/that) he speaks.

　　④but有时也可以做关系代词引导定语从句。这时but=that not或who not

　　There are very few but understand his idea. (but= who don’t ) 几乎没有人不理解他的想法。

　　There is no mother but loves her children.没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。

　　There was no one present but knew the story.在场的人都知道这个故事。

　　⑤[介词+关系代词]引导的定语从句

　　注意：

　　第一，介词后面的关系代词不能省略。

　　第二，that前不能有介词。

　　第三，某些充当时间、地点、原因的“介词+关系代词”结构可以同关系副词when、where、why互换。例如：

　　This is the house in which (不能用in that)I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。

　　This is the house where I lived two years ago.

　　Do you remember the day on which (不能用on that) you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?

　　Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

　　This is not the reason for which he didn’t come to my birthday party.

　　This is not the reason why he didn’t come to my birthday party.