2017年初级英语笔译考试讲义：即兴合成词
一、即兴合成词
新闻的语言在于清晰、简洁和生动。记者在遣词造句时，往往追求“人无我有，人有我新”，以增强新闻报导的可读性，其中一个较为常用的手法就是使用即兴合成词，即使用连字符把通常不搭配在一起的词合成一个词，用作定语。采用这种手法构成的词，结构新颖，引人注目。同时也把后置定语转换为前置定语，从而使句子更为简洁。本课的英译汉中就有不少这类合成词。例如：
bleach-haired(染着白发的)：bleached-haired midfielder Kim NamⅡ=midfielder Kim NamⅡwhose hair was bleached
post-goal(进球得分后的)：his post-goal showboating=the showboating gesture which he made after he scored the goal
star-studded(群星璀璨的)：a star-studded side from Portugal=a Portugal team studded with stars
do-or-die(生死较量的)：a do-or-die match=a match after which one either survives or dies
beer-soaked(浸浴在啤酒中的，举杯狂欢的)：the beer-soaked crowds=the crowds that were soaked in beer
oft-contentious(经常有矛盾的，矛盾不断的)：its often-contentious ally=the ally that is often contentious
常见的例子还有：
oil-producing(出产石油的)：oil-producing Arab countries=Arab countries that produce oil出产石油的阿拉伯国家，阿拉伯石油生产国
agreed-upon(达成一致的)：an agreed-upon standard=a standard which has been agreed upon达成一致的标准，一致同意的标准
person-to-person(面对面的)：person-to-person contacts= contacts that are made person to person面对面的接触，当面接触
by-no-means(绝不)： a by-no-means negligible role=a role that can by no means be neglected绝不可忽视的作用
turned-on(被激活的，吊起胃口的，激动的)：turned-on audience=the audience that is turned on激动的观众
on-the-spot(现场的，实地的)：on-the-spot investigation= the investigation that is done on the spot实地调查
do-it-yourself(自助式的，常缩写为DIY)：a do-it-yourself repair=a repair that is done by yourself自助修理
