2016年CATTI三级笔译语法讲义十
虚拟语气讲解
1.虚拟语气和条件句
条件句实际上是属于状语从句的一种,其功能可以说是说话人猜想、假设的一种条件.按其真实的程度来分,可以分为真实条件句和非真实条件句两种.
e.g.: If it rains tomorrow, we will put off the sports meeting.
如果明天下雨,我们就推迟运动会.(表示可能实现,真实条件句)
If I were Tom, I would not refuse the money.
如果我是汤姆,我就不会拒绝这些钱的.(表示不可能实现,非真实条件句)
按照时间上的情况,虚拟条件句(非真实条件句)又可以分为现在、过去、将来三种情况
e.g.: If I were you, I should not marry her.
如果我是你,我就不会和她结婚.(和现在情况相反)
If the fridge were broken, please call us to repair it.
如果冰箱坏了,通知我们来修.(和将来情况相反)
If I had been you, I should not have married her.
如果我以前是你,我就不会和她结婚.(和过去情况相反)
虚拟语气和从句
1) 虚拟语气在主语从句的中的使用.
当主语从句中出现important, essential, appropriate, vital, unfair, strange, natural等时,主语从句的动词形式要用should+动词原形,should一般省略.
e.g.: It is vital that we (should) finish the task.
我们完成任务很重要.
It is unfair that they (should) many more jobs.
他们得到更多的工作是不公平的.
2) 虚拟语气在表语从句的中的使用.
当表语从句中出现decision, suggestion, requirement, idea等时,表语从句的动词形式要用should+动词原形,should一般省略.
e.g.: Our decision is that you (should) go to hospital.
我们的决定是你要去医院.
His suggestion is that you and I (should) kill these people.
他的建议是你和我要杀这些人.
1) 虚拟语气在同位语从句的中的使用.
当同位语从句中出现decision, suggestion, requirement, idea,demand, resolution等时,同位语从句的动词形式要用should+动词原形,should一般省略.
e.g.: He gave me a resolution that man (should) be punished.
他给出的解决方案是男人必须受到惩罚.
They had demands that president (should) resign.
他们要求总统要辞职.
2) 虚拟语气在宾语从句的中的使用.
①当主句动词出现suggest,demand, advise, urge等时,宾语从句的动词形式要用should+动词原形,should一般省略.
e.g.: They suggested that woman (should) be paid more money.
他们建议说女人应得更多的报酬.
She advised that our oral English (should) be improved.
她建议我们的口语应该提高.
②wish后宾语从句的情况.
a. 与现在和将来情况相反,宾语从句动词形式用一般过去时.
e.g.: I wish she had a baby. 我祝愿她能有个孩子.
I wish they went to home. 我希望他们能到家.
b. 与过去情况相反,宾语从句动词形式用过去完成时.
e.g.: I wish that she had not been dead. 我真希望她没死啊!
He wished that he had not come. 他真希望他没来过啊!
