写作指导：2011年商务英语考试写作讲议第二讲(1)

　　评分标准：

　　评分的五个方面：

　　1 content
　　2 language
　　3 structure & vocabulary
　　4 organisation

　　展开论述上面的5个方面：

　　1. 内容的完整性

　　2. 语言
　　　6C原则

　　1.准确(correctness)

　　包括四层意义，即阅读人能理解、接受的英语水平;使用精确措词，传达准确信息;正确地使用语法和标点符号;拼写正确。

　　(1)恰当的语言风格

　　请比较下面两组例词：

　　(2)准确的措词和信息

　　下面列出的是一系列极易混淆的单词及词组，请注意区分：

　　a lot / allot

　　all right / alright

　　cannot / can not

　　different from / different than

　　. due to / because of

　　effect / affect

　　fewer / less

　　lie / lay

　　principal / principle

　　that /which

　　their / them / they' re

　　wait for / wait on

　　who / whom

　　(3)正确的语法和标点符号

　　(4)正确的拼写

　　2．清楚(Clarity)　 

　　(1)逻辑布局(Logical Organization)

　　常用的逻辑布局方法包括：　 

　　①因果关系(Cause & Effect)

　　②时间顺序(Chronological Development)

　　③序列顺序(Sequential Development)

　　④比较(Comparison)

　　⑤一般到特殊(From General to Specific) 

　　⑥特殊到一般(From Specific to General)

　　(2)合理构架句群与段落(Well-Written Sentences & Paragraphs)

　　例句：　 

　　修改前: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago, and it now has branch offices in four states, and it employs nearly 400 individuals.

　　修改后: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago. With branch offices in four states, it now employs nearly 400 individuals.

　　(3)统一性与一致性(Unity and Coherence)

　　(4)强调(Emphasis)

　　①位置

　　②重复

　　③数量

　　④技巧

　　(5) 将句中关系紧密的词尽量靠近。

　　比较下面三对句子：

　　A. They bought a bicycle in Beijing in a small shop which costs $ 25.00.

　　　 They bought a bicycle for $25.00 in a small shop in Beijing.

　　B. He was warned not to drink water even in a restaurant which had not been boiled.

　　　 He was warned not to drink water which had not been boiled.

　　C. Those who work rapidly get ill in these conditions.

　　　 Those who work in these conditions rapidly get ill.

　　(6) 避免在同一个句子中使用意义不同的同一个字。

　　We shall take a firm line with the firm．

　　We shall take a strong line with the film．

　　3．简洁(Conciseness)

　　A. We have begun to export our machine to countries abroad.

　　　 We have begun to export our machines.

　　B. In the event that you speak to Mr. Wood in regard to production, ask him to give consideration to the delivery schedule.

　　　 If you speak to Mr. Wood about production, ask him to consider the delivery schedule.

　　C .We require furniture which is of the new type.

　　　 We require new-type furniture.

　　(1)使用简洁的语言(Use simple language)

　　尽量使用　　　　　　避免使用

　　please　　　　　　　will you be good enough to

　　prefer　　　　　　　express a preference for

　　because　　　　　　 for the reason that

　　(2) 少用陈词滥调(Omit trite expressions)

　　as the case may be

　　it has come to my attention

　　at an early age

　　avail yourself of this opportunity

　　previous to

　　crack of dawn

　　pursuant to your request

　　take the liberty to

　　due to the fact that

　　thanking you in advance

　　enclosed herein

　　this is to inform you

　　under separate cover

　　with kindest regards

　　I wish to state

　　(3) 避免冗长的表达方式和不必要的重复(avoid wordy expressions & unnecessary repetition)。

　  Wordy　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Concise

　　1. We would like to　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　please

　　2. For the month of August　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 for August

　　3. Pursuant to the end of this week　　　　　　　　　　　now

　　4. A long period of time　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a long time

　　5. At this time　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　now

　　6. Is at this time　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is

　　7. The weight was higher than　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the weight was greater than

　　8. I expected it to be　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 expected

　　9. During the year of 1995　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 during 1995

　　10. For the development of　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 for developing

　　11. In the city of Dallas　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in Dallas

　　12. The problem was that the car would not　　　　　　　 the car would not start

　　　  start

　　13. Square in shape　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　square

　　14. in accordance with your request　　　　　　　　　　　you requested

　　15. Sign on the front of this form　　　　　　　　　　　 sign this form

　　16. During the time that　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 while

　　17. Consensus of opinion　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 we agree

　　18. Remember the fact that　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 remember

　　19, Held a meeting　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 met

　　20. this is the situation at this time　　　　　　　　　 now

　　(4)删改无关紧要的成份(Remove unneeded facts)

　　A. It should be noted that this is the best we can do,

　　B. For your information we enclose a catalogue.

　　C. Please be advised that we have received your invoice.

　　1. as soon as possible　　　　　　　　　　　 　by July 10

　　2. as you indicated in your letter　　　　　　 as you indicated

　　3. at all times　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　always

　　4. at this time　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　now

　　5. continue to utilize the old form until　　　start using the new form on February

　　 such time as the new form is available　　　

　　6. despite the fact that　　　　　　　　　　　　despite

　　7. for the month of April　　　　　　　　　　　 for April

　　8. for obvious reason that　　　　　　　　　　　because

　　9. I would ask that you　　　　　　　　　　　　 please

　　I0. in conjunction with　　　　　　　　　　　　 with

　　11. in the mere recent past　　　　　　　　　　 recently

　　12. in the unlikely event that　　　　　　　　　if

　　13. in the unlikely event that I am unable to　 if I am late, please delay the meeting

　　　 be on time, please delay the meeting

　　14. in view of the fact that　　　　　　　　　　because

　　15. it will be greatly appreciated if you　　　 please

　　16. our production of the new product will  production will begin on July 1

　　　 commence on July 1

　　17. please be advised that we expect you to　　　please review the contract

　　　 review the enclosed contract

　　(5)多使用主动语态的句子结构以明确表达意思。

　　Payment of their accounts will be made by Johnsons next week．

　　Johnsons will pay their accounts next week．