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2015年BEC商务英语写作解析:段落的特点

来源:考试网   2015-05-18【

  段落的特点

  一般来说,段落主要由三部分组成,即主题句、扩展句和结尾句。

  主题句是篇章的核心,它表明作者的态度、观点、意图等,同时反映了段落的中心思想。主题句应具备:一是明确的观点,二是有一定的概括性,能用其它句子来解释、描述、分析等。扩展句主要围绕着主题句进行叙述,说明或论述等。扩展句必须明确、具体。总结句指用一句话将某一主旨进行归纳总结或概括,有时还起承上启下的作用。总结句需要与主题呼应,引发读者对段落主题的进一步认识。总之,篇章的主题必须统一,内容完整、结构连贯,长度适度。

  段落的发展

  段落的扩展对构成一篇文章,展示文章的主题,有着举足轻重的作用。常用的方式有:

  1.排列顺序:既按照内容的主次、时间的先后或位置的先后来进行论证,陈述或解释。

  常用的词语有:first/firstly, second/secondly,furthermore,finally,above all, first and most

  important, to begin/start with, in the second place, moreover, to conclude, next,then, afterward lastly, in the end, eventually.

  2.比较和对比:一般来说,比较包括相同点和相异点。对比则仅指相异点。常见的词及词组有:in comparison(with),likewise,similarly,in the same way,equally,but, in contrast With/to,instead,conversely,on the contrary, in/by contrast,while,Correspondingly.

  3.因果和推理:这种段落发展方式通常用于解释某件事发生的原因和结果。经常用到的因果关系的动词和动词词组有:cause,produce, lead to, bring about, result from, be due to,have an effect on, result in.

  因果关系的连接词有:due to,the fact that, for the simple reason,because (of),so that, consequently,hence,as a result,accordingly,therefore,so long as,so,thus,owing to,now that, for/as,since.

  4.举例:用实例来说明作者的观点是举例段落的发展方式。采用举例的方式,使文章内容更加充实,更富有内涵。常用于举例的词和词组有:such as,for example,for instance,as an illustration,to illustrate,a case in point,as follows,just as,just as,including,like.

  短文

  短文的基本格式为:开始段,主体段和结论段。开始段是短文的中心,即主题。文章的开头段必须把握两个原则:表明文章的主题使文章的发展有所遵循;引发读者的兴趣、使他确信值得读下去。主体段,即文章的发展,是文章的中心的发展,它以文章的开头为线索,准确,具体而充实地论证、说明或分析文章的主题。主体段须遵循1)文章的发展必须通畅、自然。2)文章的发展必须联贯统一。3)文章的发展必须长短适度。结论段:同文章的开头和发展一样,文章的结尾也是写作成败的关键。它起着总结,概括全篇的作用,使主题更加鲜明,结构更加完美。

  四. 转折句型

  1)***Such defects as mentioned above can be prevented by the other way of ***

  2) Except for ***’s sake only.

  3) Perhaps A is the wrong word, however, B might be better.

  4) First***last but not least***

  5) Shall we do this? Not necessary the case.

  6) ***, and vice versa indeed .

  7) On the contrary, in spite of these increase***

  8) Compared with A, B has many advantages such as***

  9) Not so much*** as he had talked about.

  10) ***, the truth of the matter, however, is that***

  11) For some, the way maybe right, nevertheless, for many others***

  12) As everything going to the extreme has its negative aspects, so has***

  13) It is fairly well know that***however, it is less know that***

  14) ***, but this was not always the case.

  15) At first, ***different in their opinions, on second thoughts, however, all of them agree to***

  16) None the less(尽管如此)***

  17) When people succeed, it is because of hard work, however, luck has a lot to do with it too.

  18) ***, sometimes it isn’t totally the case, however.

  19) Do some A else but B.

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