1.Smoot-Hawley has become a reliable punch line because it is so regularly—and hyperbolically—invoked in the debate over international trade, a debate that has reignited recently as America's jobless recovery drags on.
在国际贸易中，《斯姆特-霍利关税法》已经引发了诸多争论，最近更成为美国就业市场恢复缓慢的罪魁祸首。
2.A newly released Wall Street Journal/NBC News poll found that 53% of the American public now believes that free-trade agreements have hurt the U.S., up from 46% three years ago and 32% in 1999.
《华尔街日报》和国家广播公司最近公布的民调发现，53%的美国公众认为，自由贸易协定伤害了美国，而2007年和1999年持这种观点的人分别为46%和32%。
3.If we want to avoid the sort of destructive, beggar-thy-neighbor trade wars that contributed to bringing down the world economy in the 1930s, we have to draw the right lessons from this chapter of our history.
如果我们想要避免这种将全球经济拉下马、“以邻为壑”的贸易大战，我们必须从历史中好好地汲取教训。
4.That said, the Smoot-Hawley tariff fully deserves its notoriety. It was an ill-timed and ill-judged piece of legislation that backfired spectacularly.
《斯姆特-霍利关税法》臭名昭著，完全是一部在不合适时机提出的有欠思考的法案,完全起到了与初衷相反的作用.
5.The tariff was originally proposed to help American farmers, who experienced a long downturn after enjoying high prices during the boom years of World War I. Low farm prices led to severe financial distress and mortgage defaults. Congress's first reaction was to pass agricultural price supports to boost farm income, but President Calvin Coolidge twice vetoed this legislation.
这部关税法起初是为了帮助在一战时经历了良好发展势头后长期遭受经济低迷的美国农场主，农业价格走低导致严重的财政困境和抵押违约情况。国会的第一反应是通过农业价格补贴法案以增加农民收入，但总统柯立芝两次否定了这部法案。
6.It is highly unlikely that the U.S. will revert back to a Smoot-Hawley mindset. The country is much more integrated into the world economy than it was then, and it is widely understood that trade disruptions would be much more costly.
美国不可能再重拾《斯姆特-霍利关税法》，其与世界经济的联系更加紧密，众所周知，破坏贸易需要付出的代价也更高。
7.Though some still claim that trade sanctions on China would create jobs in the U.S., the more likely effect would be to send those jobs to other developing countries with low wages. The Obama administration's punitive tariff on cheap tires from China, imposed late last year, has had no impact on domestic tire production and employment. The chief beneficiaries have been tire producers in Thailand and South Korea, whose exports to the U.S. have surged to replace those from China.
尽管一些人依然宣称对中国进行贸易制裁将在美国创造更多就业机会，但这些机会更有可能发生在低工资的发展中国家。奥巴马政府2009年末对中国廉价轮胎施行的惩罚性关税，对国内轮胎生产和就业市场未发生影响，受益最大的是泰国和韩国轮胎生产商，这两国的对美国出口大幅上升，取代了原来中国的份额。
8.Indeed, recently imposed Chinese duties on American poultry are widely thought to be payback for the Obama administration's tire tariff. This makes using trade sanctions against China a risky strategy.
事实上，人们广泛地认为，近来中国对美国家禽提高关税，就是对奥巴马政府征轮胎关税的反击。由于会存在报复，对中国实行贸易制裁是一项危险的策略。
9.Countries that clung to the gold standard were forced to maintain tight monetary policies. Because they could not print money to counteract the deflationary forces that had taken hold of the world economy, they imposed higher tariffs, import quotas and exchange controls to restrict imports.
坚持金本位制度的国家被迫采取紧缩货币政策。因为他们没有能力印刷足够货币，抵消受全球现象影响的通货紧缩产生的压力，他们只能通过提高关税、施行进口配额和控制汇率来限制进口。
10. By contrast, countries that went off the gold standard and allowed their currencies to depreciate did not have to resort to protectionist trade measures. They used monetary policy to end the crippling price deflation and restore economic growth.
与此相反，那些摆脱金本位制度、允许货币贬值的国家，不必采取贸易保护措施。他们利用货币政策来终结后果严重的通货紧缩、恢复经济增长。
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