underpinning (基础, 支柱, 支撑 a support or foundation)
Unqualified (不合格的,无限制的,绝对的) = complete
utilitarian = functional (文中选) (utilitarian adj.功利的, 实利的, 功利主义的 n.功利论者 )
unqualified =complete;
utilitarian =functional
universallywithout exception
unrestrictedunlimited
undergoneexperienced
uniform
vigorous = strong
vexing = difficult (not sure) (vex: 使恼怒,使痛苦, puzzle, annoy)
volatile
vastimmense
vastgreat
vehiclemeans
variabilitytendency to change
withstandpersist avoid/persist? 原文是:...brick withstood the weathering for a long time...
withstand=resist
wearuse
whatever in any case/ at any rate/at all event
warycautious
way stationstop
?= yet 选项还有however / in addition.
yieldprovide